Introduction
As dedicated Scottish Terrier breeders in California, we believe in complete transparency about the health considerations of this wonderful breed. While Scottish Terriers are generally hardy dogs with a lifespan of 11-13 years, like all purebred dogs, they can be predisposed to certain health conditions. Understanding these potential issues helps you provide the best care for your Scottie and make informed decisions when choosing a puppy.
Common Scottish Terrier Health Issues
1. Scottie Cramp
Scottie Cramp is a condition unique to Scottish Terriers that affects muscle control during exercise or excitement. Key points:
- Symptoms: Temporary muscle stiffness, arched back, or difficulty walking during excitement or exercise
- Onset: Usually appears in puppies between 6 weeks and 1 year old
- Prognosis: Not painful and doesn't affect lifespan; episodes typically last only a few minutes
- Management: Avoiding triggers, staying calm during episodes, and in some cases, medication
- Genetic: Inherited condition that responsible breeders screen for
2. Von Willebrand's Disease (vWD)
A bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in blood clotting proteins:
- Symptoms: Excessive bleeding from minor cuts, nosebleeds, or prolonged bleeding after surgery
- Diagnosis: Blood test can identify carriers and affected dogs
- Management: Awareness before surgeries, avoiding certain medications, and careful monitoring
- Breeding: Responsible breeders test breeding stock and avoid breeding two carriers
3. Bladder Cancer (Transitional Cell Carcinoma)
Scottish Terriers have a higher incidence of bladder cancer than many other breeds:
- Risk: Scotties are 18-20 times more likely to develop bladder cancer than mixed breeds
- Symptoms: Blood in urine, frequent urination, straining to urinate, or accidents in the house
- Early Detection: Regular veterinary check-ups and urinalysis can catch issues early
- Prevention: Avoid lawn chemicals, provide fresh water, and maintain a healthy weight
- Treatment: Options include surgery, chemotherapy, and medications; early detection improves outcomes
4. Hypothyroidism
An underactive thyroid gland that affects metabolism:
- Symptoms: Weight gain, lethargy, hair loss, skin problems, or cold intolerance
- Diagnosis: Simple blood test measuring thyroid hormone levels
- Treatment: Daily thyroid hormone replacement medication
- Prognosis: Excellent with proper medication; most dogs return to normal activity
5. Skin Allergies and Issues
Scottish Terriers can be prone to various skin conditions:
- Atopic Dermatitis: Environmental allergies causing itching and skin irritation
- Food Allergies: Reactions to certain proteins or ingredients
- Scottie Itch: Seasonal allergies particularly affecting the breed
- Management: Identifying triggers, hypoallergenic diets, medications, and regular grooming
6. Patellar Luxation
A condition where the kneecap dislocates from its normal position:
- Symptoms: Skipping, limping, or holding up a rear leg while walking
- Severity: Ranges from mild (occasional) to severe (constant)
- Treatment: Mild cases may need no treatment; severe cases may require surgery
- Prevention: Maintaining healthy weight and avoiding excessive jumping
7. Craniomandibular Osteopathy (CMO)
A bone disease affecting the skull and jaw in young dogs:
- Age of Onset: Typically 4-8 months old
- Symptoms: Difficulty eating, drooling, swelling of the jaw, or pain when opening mouth
- Prognosis: Usually self-limiting; symptoms typically resolve by 12 months of age
- Treatment: Pain management and soft food during active phase
Preventive Care and Health Screening
Genetic Testing
Responsible Scottish Terrier breeders conduct genetic testing on breeding stock:
- Von Willebrand's Disease: DNA test identifies carriers and affected dogs
- Scottie Cramp: Breeding history and observation of parents
- Hip and Elbow Evaluation: OFA or PennHIP screening
- Eye Examination: Annual CERF exams by veterinary ophthalmologists
- Thyroid Testing: Baseline testing of breeding dogs
When choosing a Scottish Terrier puppy, always ask the breeder about health testing. Reputable breeders will gladly share test results and health clearances for both parents.
Regular Veterinary Care
Preventive veterinary care is crucial for catching health issues early:
- Puppy Visits: Series of vaccinations and deworming at 6, 9, 12, and 16 weeks
- Annual Exams: Comprehensive physical examination, vaccinations, and parasite prevention
- Senior Care: Twice-yearly exams for dogs over 7 years old
- Dental Cleanings: Professional cleaning as recommended by your vet
- Blood Work: Annual screening to catch issues before symptoms appear
Nutrition and Weight Management
Proper nutrition plays a vital role in preventing health issues:
- High-Quality Food: Choose premium dog food appropriate for your Scottie's life stage
- Portion Control: Scottish Terriers can easily become overweight; measure food carefully
- Avoid Overfeeding: Obesity increases risk of joint problems, diabetes, and other conditions
- Fresh Water: Always provide clean, fresh water to support kidney and bladder health
- Treats in Moderation: Limit treats to 10% of daily caloric intake
Exercise and Mental Stimulation
Regular exercise helps maintain overall health:
- Daily Walks: 30-60 minutes of walking or play
- Mental Stimulation: Puzzle toys, training sessions, and interactive games
- Avoid Overexertion: Especially in hot weather or for dogs with Scottie Cramp
- Safe Play: Supervise interactions with larger dogs to prevent injuries
Environmental Factors
Reduce exposure to potential carcinogens and toxins:
- Lawn Chemicals: Avoid herbicides and pesticides; use pet-safe alternatives
- Secondhand Smoke: Keep your Scottie away from cigarette smoke
- Toxic Plants: Remove poisonous plants from your yard and home
- Safe Cleaning Products: Use pet-friendly household cleaners
Signs to Watch For
Contact your veterinarian if you notice any of these symptoms:
- Changes in appetite or water consumption
- Unexplained weight loss or gain
- Lethargy or decreased activity level
- Difficulty urinating or blood in urine
- Persistent coughing or difficulty breathing
- Limping or difficulty moving
- Skin irritation, excessive scratching, or hair loss
- Vomiting or diarrhea lasting more than 24 hours
- Behavioral changes or signs of pain
Choosing a Healthy Puppy
When selecting a Scottish Terrier puppy, look for these signs of good health:
- Active and Playful: Healthy puppies are curious and energetic
- Clear Eyes: No discharge, redness, or cloudiness
- Clean Ears: No odor, redness, or excessive wax
- Healthy Coat: Shiny and free from bald patches or excessive dandruff
- Good Body Condition: Not too thin or overweight; ribs should be felt but not seen
- Normal Movement: No limping or difficulty walking
- Health Records: Up-to-date vaccinations and deworming
- Parent Health Clearances: Breeder provides documentation of genetic testing
Our Commitment to Health
As responsible Scottish Terrier breeders in California, we are committed to producing the healthiest puppies possible. Our breeding program includes:
- Comprehensive genetic testing of all breeding dogs
- Careful selection of breeding pairs to minimize health risks
- Regular veterinary care for all our dogs
- Proper nutrition and exercise for breeding dogs and puppies
- Early socialization and health monitoring of puppies
- Lifetime support for puppy buyers
- Health guarantee for all puppies
Conclusion
While this article discusses various health issues that can affect Scottish Terriers, it's important to remember that not every Scottie will experience these problems. Many Scottish Terriers live long, healthy lives with proper care, nutrition, and regular veterinary attention.
By choosing a puppy from a responsible breeder who conducts health testing, providing excellent preventive care, and staying alert to potential health issues, you can help ensure your Scottish Terrier enjoys the best possible quality of life.
If you have questions about Scottish Terrier health or would like to learn more about our available puppies and our health testing protocols, please contact us. We're always happy to discuss our breeding practices and help you find the perfect, healthy Scottish Terrier puppy.